MiPower
Application Modules
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This module has following options - Slack bus concept, Frequency dependent loadflow, Optimal loadflow and contingency ranking. |
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Slack Bus Concept uses Gauss - Seidel, Newton - Raphson, Fast-DeCoupled techniques |
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Frequency dependent Load flow uses Fast-DeCoupled technique. The options available are |
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1. Flat Tie-Line Control |
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2. Flat Frequency Control |
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3. Flat Tie-Line Frequency Bias Control |
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Optimal load flow uses Fast-DeCoupled technique. The different optimizations available are |
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1. P - Optimization |
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2. Q - Optimization |
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3. P & Q Optimization |
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Contingency ranking analysis uses Fast-DeCoupled technique. |
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AC-DC load flow - this is in built feature of load flow program that if any HVDC elements are read in the data then automatically AC-DC load flow is invoked. |
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Automatic selection of slack bus or user specified. |
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Looped and radial systems. |
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Multiple Isolated systems. |
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User-defined number of contingencies. |
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User-defined number of cases. |
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User-defined filters |
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User-defined load characteristics |
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User-defined frequency and base MVA. |
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User-defined generator capability curves |
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Transmission line can be opened at one or both sides. |
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Representation of shunt elements in admittance/impedance. |
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Two / Multi - terminal HVDC systems. |
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Modeling six/twelve pulse monopolar/bipolar HVDC converters with constant voltage/current/power controls. |
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Modeling two and three winding transformers with auto tap, off nominal fixed tap and phase shift. |
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Grouping buses zone/area wise. |
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The real and reactive power load values, scheduled generation, reactor and capacitor values can be changed globally or zone wise using reduction factors. |
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Generator Q - check limit violations after a specified number of iterations. |
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Changing the load model from the given type to impedance type automatically, when the voltage magnitude at load bus goes below specified value to have better and realistic convergence. |
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MVAR compensation studies |
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Load shedding during under frequency to maintain the frequency at desired value. |
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Efficient memory management by using sparsity technique. |
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This program is capable of determining the fault levels for both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults. |
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ANSI/IEEE standards. |
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IEC standards including 363 & 909. |
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All types of symmetrical, asymmetrical faults with and without impedance can be simulated. |
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Open conductor faults. |
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Traveling shunt faults simulation. |
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Simulation of number of faults one at a time at various buses in a single execution. |
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Fault creation at different voltage levels in the system. |
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Computation of fault contributions from adjacent/next adjacent/all buses in the neighborhood of fault and from the user defined nodes. |
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Transformer vector groups, earthing of transformer and generator neutrals are accounted. |
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Post-fault bus voltages and node voltages, currents and impedance as seen at the relay positions. |
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HVDC system contribution to faults. |
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Multiplication factors for the calculation of unknown zero-sequence impedance/admittance of lines/transformers, negative/zero sequence resistance/reactance of generators, negative/zero sequence impedance of loads and zero sequence impedance of series reactors/shunt reactors. |
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Fault MVA and current, Peak/Crest asymmetrical current and symmetrical components at the fault bus are reported. |
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Pre-fault voltage condition from the load flow. |
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Simulation of user-specified number of disturbances. |
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10 types of disturbances can be simulated. The following are the list of disturbances: |
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Load Shedding |
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Different types of synchronous machine models. |
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Simulation of operation of voltage/current/frequency relays and distance relays |
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Standard IEEE type voltage regulators, the power system stabilizer, steam/hydro/gas turbine governors, static VAR compensators. |
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Modeling cyclic loads, like rolling mills. |
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Load modeling according to user-defined load characteristics as a constant power/current/impedance or as a combination of all the three. |
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Modeling of six pulse/twelve pulse monopolar/bipolar HVDC converters with constant voltage/current/ power controls. |
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Simulation of over/under frequency and df/dt relays for different levels of load shedding at three setting levels of load frequencies. |
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Simulation of over/under voltage relays. |
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Simulation of user-defined AVRs, Turbine-governors, SVCs and HVDC controls generated using free programmable blocks. |
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Linear graph of absolute/relative swing curves for various machines. |
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Power swing curves of transmission lines and distance relay performance verification. |
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Change
in transmission line parameters (for tripping and reconnecting transmission
line)
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This program gives new relay settings for improved performance and computes panel settings for distance relays. Relay coordination can be conducted for relays of all make and with user defined characteristics for overcurrent and distance relays. |
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The practice of protection engineering involves periodic fault studies followed by relay setting, checking and coordination studies. These studies are necessary in order to ensure that the wide variety of protective relays function correctly with proper discrimination to provide the required reliable, sensitive and selective isolation of faulty power system equipment. Frequently, there is also the need to conduct a detailed analysis to evaluate whether the relays and breakers responded correctly to certain system faults. These activities are highly data intensive and it has always been a tedious and time consuming task to find this data and to maintain it in the most updated and self consistent version among many users. Over current relay coordination program will be of immense help in this important duty. |
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Reliability of power system operation mainly depends on the integrated performance of relays. The relays should operate for all short circuits in its own zone and also provide back-up protection for short circuits in immediately adjoining system elements in the down stream, if the relay in that adjoining system fails to operate. Over current relay coordination program uses a powerful database structure to implement the relay information. |
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